![]() Flavonoids occur in different plant parts both in a free state and as glycosides. The flavones and flavonols are the most widely distributed of all the phenolics. The flavonoids have two benzene rings separated by a propane unit. Both flavonoids and phenolics exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activities such as antioxidant, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic activity as well as the ability to modify gene expression. There are thousands of naturally occurring plant phenolics and about half of these are flavonoids. Phenolics are compounds that possess in common an aromatic ring bearing one or more hydroxyl groups. Since the majority of the published human studies are insufficiently powered, it is not possible to conduct a meta-analysis to ascertain the role of tart cherry in pain relief. The purpose of this review is to summarize and critically examine in vitro and in vivo human and animal studies ( Table 1) on the efficacy of tart cherry products for pain relief in chronic diseases. Pain is one of the features of many chronic diseases in the aged. Figure 1 demonstrates the proposed protective effects of cherry polyphenols and their implication in chronic disease management. The literature on the health benefits of tart cherry has generally focused on their role in the prevention, treatment, and recovery of soft tissue injuries and pain remediation. ĭuring the last decade, tart cherry has received special attention with respect to its health benefits due to its high polyphenolic content. These pigments have been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity among other beneficial properties. Flavonoids are polyphenolic plant compounds, of which the pigments anthocyanins are a subclass. Since fruits and vegetables are rich sources of polyphenols and their derivatives, beneficial effects of their intake may be related to their polyphenol content and composition. Many epidemiological studies show a strong association between fruit and vegetable consumption and a lower risk of chronic disease. Inflammation and oxidative stress have been suggested to play a key role in the causation and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, diabetes, cancer, Alzheimer’s, and other age-related chronic diseases.
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